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MBA
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IQ tests come in many forms, and some tests use a
single type of item or question, while others use several different
subtests. Most tests yield both an overall score and individual subtest
scores.
A typical IQ test requires the test subject to solve a fair number of
problems in a set time under supervision. Most IQ tests include items from
various domains, such as short-term memory, verbal knowledge, spatial
visualization, and perceptual speed. Some tests have a total time limit,
others have a time limit for each group of problems, and there are a few
un-timed, unsupervised tests, typically geared to measuring high
intelligence.
To set the scale for an IQ test, a representative sample is gathered of
the population for which the IQ is made. IQ tests are calibrated in such a
way as to yield a normal distribution, or "bell curve."
Each IQ test, however, is designed and valid only for a certain IQ range.
Because so few people score in the extreme ranges, IQ tests usually cannot
accurately measure very low and very high IQs.
Various IQ tests measure a standard deviation with different number of
points. Thus, when an IQ score is stated, the standard deviation used
should also be stated.
Where an individual has scores that do not correlate with each other,
there is a good reason to look for a learning disability or other cause
for the lack of correlation. Tests have been chosen for inclusion because
they display the ability to use this method to predict later difficulties
in learning.
On average, IQ scores are stable over a person's lifetime. The mean for
ages 17 and 18 was correlated r=.86 with the mean for ages 5, 6 and 7,
r=.96 with the mean for ages 11, 12 and 13. Nevertheless, IQ scores do
change over time. In the same study the average change between age 12 and
age 17 was 7.1 IQ points; some individuals changed as much as 18 points
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